.NET Interview Questions and Answers - 11

.NET and COMP Interop questions:

1. Describe the advantages of writing a managed code application instead of unmanaged one. What’s involved in certain piece of code being managed?

   The advantages include automatic garbage collection, memory management, support for versioning and security. These advantages are provided through .NET FCL and CLR, while with the unmanaged code similar capabilities had to be implemented through third-party libraries or as a part of the application itself.

2. Are COM objects managed or unmanaged? Since COM objects were written before .NET, apparently they are unmanaged.

3. So can a COM object talk to a .NET object? Yes, through Runtime Callable Wrapper (RCW) or PInvoke.

4. How do you generate an RCW from a COM object? Use the Type Library Import utility shipped with SDK. tlbimp COMobject.dll /out:.NETobject.dll or reference the COM library from Visual Studio in your project.

5. I can’t import the COM object that I have on my machine. Did you write that object? You can only import your own objects. If you need to use a COM component from another developer, you should obtain a Primary Interop Assembly (PIA) from whoever authored the original object.

6. How do you call unmanaged methods from your .NET code through PInvoke? Supply a DllImport attribute. Declare the methods in your .NET code as static extern. Do not implement the methods as they are implemented in your unmanaged code, you’re just providing declarations for method signatures.

7. Can you retrieve complex data types like structs from the PInvoke calls? Yes, just make sure you re-declare that struct, so that managed code knows what to do with it.

8. I want to expose my .NET objects to COM objects. Is that possible? Yes, but few things should be considered first. Classes should implement interfaces explicitly. Managed types must be public. Methods, properties, fields, and events that are exposed to COM must be public. Types must have a public default constructor with no arguments to be activated from COM. Types cannot be abstract.

9. Can you inherit a COM class in a .NET application? The .NET Framework extends the COM model for reusability by adding implementation inheritance. Managed types can derive directly or indirectly from a COM coclass; more specifically, they can derive from the runtime callable wrapper generated by the runtime. The derived type can expose all the method and properties of the COM object as well as methods and properties implemented in managed code. The resulting object is partly implemented in managed code and partly implemented in unmanaged code.

10. Suppose I call a COM object from a .NET applicaiton, but COM object throws an error. What happens on the .NET end? COM methods report errors by returning HRESULTs; .NET methods report them by throwing exceptions. The runtime handles the transition between the two. Each exception class in the .NET Framework maps to an HRESULT.